Construction envelopes play a crucial role in improving energy efficiency, sustainability and the overall performance of modern buildings. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of state -of -the -art materials and technologies for intelligent and sustainable building envelopes. It underlines the transition from traditional to advanced materials and focuses on the integration of intelligent materials such as thermochromes and electrochrome systems, formal memory alloys and self -healing materials. These innovations enable dynamic reactions to environmental changes and improve comfort and energy efficiency. In addition, sustainable materials are examined, including natural, biodegradable insulation, recycled components and low -carbon alternatives that contribute to the circular economy. Advanced insulation technologies such as vacuum insulation bodies, phase change materials and aerogels are discussed, with their superior thermal performance being emphasized. The study also examines innovative facade solutions such as adaptive facades, photovoltaic-integrated systems and hybrid designs that merge sustainability with energy generation. Important challenges in the introduction of these materials – such as the costs, compliance with the regulations and the willingness to market – are discussed together with the environmental advantages, including energy savings and reduced CO2 footprints. The paper closes with the determination of possibilities for future research and development in intelligent and sustainable construction envelopes and shows its potential in promoting energy -efficient, air -conditioning architecture.
Next generation construction envelopes: intelligent materials, energy efficiency and environmental impacts
