An emergency for public health is an event that suddenly takes place and affects public health [13]. Various causes, variety, distribution and spread are significant characteristics of emergencies in the area of public health. Current research on emergencies for public health has focused on the case -based analysis and the scenario extension [14, 15]. In this study, we examine the Covid 19 pandemic as a representative case of a great emergency for public health in order to examine the structural features and distribution patterns of emergency research.
ESR is located at the interface between emergency management and scientific and technological innovation studies [16]. Scientists have defined ESR from various disciplinary perspectives. In particular, ESR includes proactive preparatory research, which deals with potential risks and reactive initiatives that started to overcome critical technical challenges in emergencies. In this study, we focus on the latter DH urgent scientific research projects that were initiated in response to acute, sensitive problems during the crisis events. Due to the interdisciplinary, cross -institutional and cross -departmental character of the ESR, related research has developed into several main strands. This includes studies on organizational models and company mechanisms, studies on practical summary and political optimization as well as studies on integration and the quick translation of scientific results.
In the study of ESR organization models and company mechanisms, a research beach summarized the practical activities and clarified the roles and interactions of several stakeholders such as science and technology management departments, emergency management departments, companies and innovation institutions in the organization of emergency research [17]. According to the type of emergency, subsystems such as public health, meteorology, seismology, fire protection and environmental management often work among specialized emergency command departments in order to combine scientific resources efficiently [18, 19]. Another research beach has examined and developed the operating mechanism and the factors that influence the ESR with a perspective in the full cycle of project design and team coordination to earnings. In addition, ethical review, data exchange and safety security mechanisms have also received scientific attention in the ESR process.
In studies on ESR practices and political optimization, scientists have checked successful experiences in relation to assignment of tasks, path selection and knowledge translation based on ESR in important emergencies. Recent studies have also summarized the application of digital technologies, information and communication technologies and other ESR successes in emergency management practice [20,21,22,23] and have evaluated the application effects and the proposed technology layout strategies [24, 25]. In addition, the mechanisms of research performance transformation, in particular their connections to regional scientific capacity and economic development, have attracted attention from the academic community [26, 27]. Studies have proposed the coordination framework for emergency management based on resource dependencies between innovation activities in order to improve reaction practices and actions. A slightly different work current emphasized the efficient implementation of ESR. Studies have evaluated related guidelines from the perspective of the applicability and completeness of politics and proposed corresponding optimization proposals for guideline systems that support scientific research in emergency contexts [28].
Studies on integration and fast transformation of the ESR [29,30,31] and have taken into account the opportunities and challenges in the combination of border technologies with ESR systems [32, 33]. Other scientists have proposed designs for emergency research platforms to increase the integration and usability of scientific results [34]. These studies have dealt with the technical functions of emergencies that have been implemented by these platforms, including emergency plan generation, planning solutions, scenario -based decision support, risk identification and forecast as well as regional risk assessment [35].
In addition, research tasks and technology requirements due to the properties of emergencies in their entire life cycle vary in all phases, from preparation, reaction and reduction to recovery. The latest work has examined how scientific efforts can match different phases and how the conversion efficiency between the applications varies [36,37,38,39]. In view of the variety of emergencies, ESR also has research branches that deal with different types of emergencies [40]Including environmental cases, fire accidents, transport emergencies and emergencies in air conditioning systems [41, 42].
In summary, although earlier studies have made considerable progress in understanding the mechanisms, guidelines and results of ESR, there is a lack of systematic analysis of its overall characteristics and structural distribution laws. In particular, the fully chain circulation model of scientific projects, from establishing to transformation, was not fully assigned during larger public health crises such as Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, empirical studies that are supported by actual data are scarce, and quantitative reviews of bottlenecks and coordination mechanisms in ESR are limited. With increasing complexity and coupling of emergency management and the scientific paradigms, more robust empirical research continues to be required. In addition, the continuous enrichment of ESR practices offers a new test scenario for this study.
In this study we consider the distribution of ESR during the Covid 19 epidemic prevention and control period as a research object to explain the features and operating rules of ESR. This study thus aims as a decision-making reference for building up more efficient, coordinated and rapidly reacting ESR systems. Although this study focuses on emergencies in the field of public health, their results offer insights that can be used for wider types of emergencies.